Abarbanel (Bereishis
33:18-35): The Torah says, “Dina, the daughter of Leah who was born to
Yaakov” – went out. It doesn’t tell this to criticize her that she went out – contrary
to what Rashi claims. That is because Leah was well known for her modesty and
it because of this modesty that Yaakov did not recognize her when he first had
sexual relations with her (Bereishis 29:23:25). And this that Leah went to
Yaakov and told him that he would be spending the night with her (Bereishis
30:16) – means only that she went to the door of her house and she said it
purely for the sake of Heaven [and not because of lust]. In fact this verse
comes to praise Dina and it was saying this to declare that she typically didn’t
go out of the house since she was the daughter of Leah and she had been taught to
stay in the house. In contrast Rachel was a shepherdess while Leah typically
did not leave the house. This attribute of remaining in the house also came to
her from her father who was known as one “who dwelled in the tents.” So if her
father was modest then surely this would be true of the daughter. All this
teaches that she did not go out of the house for bad intentions – G‑d forbid! –
but merely “to see the daughters of the land.” The Torah doesn’t say it was to
see the men of the city or even the children of the city – but the daughters of
the city. In other words she wanted to see the girls of the city and their clothes
and jewelry. This was because there was no other girl besides her in the
family. So she wanted to learn from the local girls as is the manner of young
unmarried women. This resolves the fourth question we raised. Furthermore there
is no doubt that Dina did not go out alone but was accompanied by a man or
woman - even though this is not mentioned in the Torah’s account – since it is self-evident.
(This is similar to the Torah’s description of Moshe going to meet his
father-in-law where it is known from other sources (Mechilta Shemos 18) that he
didn’t go alone.). However it just says, “That Shechem the son of Chamor the
ruler of this land saw her.” This verse is to be understood to mean that since
he was the son of the ruler he took Dina by force and was not concerned with
the one who accompanied her and he wasn’t afraid of Yaakov and his sons. The
Torah simple states, “Shechem took Dina and lay with her and tormented her.” [...] Perhaps the reason the Torah
says that he “tormented her” is because sexual intercourse is inherently pleasurable
even if it starts out as rape it will nevertheless typically result in physical
pleasure. For example it is mentioned in the gemora that a woman came to Rabbi
Yehuda HaNassi and told him that she had been raped. Since he held that a woman
who is raped must resist from beginning to end – he asked her whether she had
experienced any physical pleasure during the rape. Because in his view if there
was any moment that she didn’t resist then she would be prohibited to her
husband. She replied by asking him whether a person fasting on Yom Kippur who
has honey forced into his mouth - would he
find the experience pleasurable even though it was done against his will? This
is proof that a natural physical pleasure is not eliminated even if it is
brought about by force. Thus this verse is alluding to the praise of Dina.
Because she was so upset by the rape that she experienced no physical pleasure
at all. All of this teaches us that Dina was absolutely free of all sin.
Because if she had experienced pleasure there is no question that her brothers
would have killed her when they massacred the community of Shechem and they
would have viewed it as a case of an adulterous couple. However it was clear to
them that it was absolutely a case of rape – from beginning to end - and thus they did nothing to Dinah.
[The recent critical edition of the Abarbanel notes there is apparently no known source that Dina was engaged or married- in addition the Abarbanel's claim that she might have been killed if she had been forced to have pleasure is a view clearly against the halacha]
There seems to be a major dispute in the commentaries as to the degree of Dinah's complicity as well as whether she rejected Shechem totally - as the Abarbanel states - or wanted him as the Torah Temima notes.
תורה תמימה (בראשית לד:ב הערה ג): פירש"י שלא בא אליה בעונתה בשעה שנתאוית לו או שבא עליה שלא כדרכה, עכ"ל, ומה שלא פרשו חז"ל בפשיטות ויענה שאנסה שלא לרצונה, שעל זה יונח לשון ענוי כמו תחת אשר ענה את אשת רעהו (פ' תצא), י"ל ע"פ המבואר במ"ר בפרשה כאן בפסוק ויקחו את דינה ויצאו (פ' כ"ו) גוררין בה ויוצאין, והיינו שלא יצאה ברצון מבית שכם, א"כ מבואר שלא נאנסה על כרחה:
Bereishis Rabba(80:11):[[ 11. AND TOOK DINAH OUT OF SHECHEM'S HOUSE, AND WENT FORTH. R. Judah said: They dragged her out and departed.6 R. Hunia observed: When a woman is intimate with an uncircumcised person, she finds it hard to tear herself away. R. Huna [also] said7: She pleaded, And I, whither shall I carry my shame? (II Sam. XIII, 13), until Simeon swore that he would marry her. Hence it is written, And the sons of Simeon... and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman (Gen. XLVI, 10): (this means, the son of Dinah who was intimate with a Canaanite).l R. Judah said: It means that she acted in the manner of the Canaanites.2 R. Nehemiah said: It means that she was intimate with a Hivite [Shechem] who is included in the Canaanites. The Rabbis said: [She was so called because] Simeon took and buried her in the land of Canaan
[The recent critical edition of the Abarbanel notes there is apparently no known source that Dina was engaged or married- in addition the Abarbanel's claim that she might have been killed if she had been forced to have pleasure is a view clearly against the halacha]
There seems to be a major dispute in the commentaries as to the degree of Dinah's complicity as well as whether she rejected Shechem totally - as the Abarbanel states - or wanted him as the Torah Temima notes.
תורה תמימה (בראשית לד:ב הערה ג): פירש"י שלא בא אליה בעונתה בשעה שנתאוית לו או שבא עליה שלא כדרכה, עכ"ל, ומה שלא פרשו חז"ל בפשיטות ויענה שאנסה שלא לרצונה, שעל זה יונח לשון ענוי כמו תחת אשר ענה את אשת רעהו (פ' תצא), י"ל ע"פ המבואר במ"ר בפרשה כאן בפסוק ויקחו את דינה ויצאו (פ' כ"ו) גוררין בה ויוצאין, והיינו שלא יצאה ברצון מבית שכם, א"כ מבואר שלא נאנסה על כרחה:
Bereishis Rabba(80:11):[[ 11. AND TOOK DINAH OUT OF SHECHEM'S HOUSE, AND WENT FORTH. R. Judah said: They dragged her out and departed.6 R. Hunia observed: When a woman is intimate with an uncircumcised person, she finds it hard to tear herself away. R. Huna [also] said7: She pleaded, And I, whither shall I carry my shame? (II Sam. XIII, 13), until Simeon swore that he would marry her. Hence it is written, And the sons of Simeon... and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman (Gen. XLVI, 10): (this means, the son of Dinah who was intimate with a Canaanite).l R. Judah said: It means that she acted in the manner of the Canaanites.2 R. Nehemiah said: It means that she was intimate with a Hivite [Shechem] who is included in the Canaanites. The Rabbis said: [She was so called because] Simeon took and buried her in the land of Canaan