Torah Study & Working: Payment for Torah - Rav Moshe Feinstein

Igros Moshe(Y.D. 2:116): Concerning the matter of Torah scholars who want to engage in Torah study and advance in their knowledge of Torah – both quantitatively and qualitatively – and they therefore receive payment from kollel for their livelihood. This also applies to rabbis and teachers who take pay as well as roshei yeshivos. Question: Is their taking money correct or not. Is it an act of piety not to take the money and they should rather support themselves with other jobs? Answer: There is no question that they are acting correctly. This is the ruling of the Rema (Y.D. 246:21) that even a healthy person is allowed. It is permitted for a scholar and his students to receive payments from that which is given in order to strengthen the learning of Torah – because this enables them to study Torah properly. Furthermore the Shach (Y.D. 246:20) also cites the Kesef Mishna who rules similarly - even if you wish to say that this is not the view of the Rambam – because all the scholars prior to the Rambam and afterwards turn payment from the community. And even if the halacha is like the Rambam [that payment is prohibited] it has been agreed by the gedolim in all generations that it is a necessary emergency (ais l’asos) which allows temporarily abrogating the Torah law. That is because if they are not paid they would not be able to engage in Torah study properly and then Torah would be forgotten. But now that they receive payments they are able to study and grow in Torah. This is the language of the Kesef Mishna (Hilchos Talmud Torah 3:10) at the end. This is also the view of the Maharshal….Therefore it is a clear and obvious ruling that has been accepted in all generations – whether because it is the din or because of emergency decree of ais l’asos – that it is permitted to engage in Torah study or to teach Torah to others or to be a rabbi or posek and to receive payment for it. Furthermore a person should not avoid payment even as an act of piety. I say that all those people who claim they are acting out of piety to comply with the view of the Rambam – it is the advice of the yetzer harah in order to stop learning Torah and go to work and business until at the end they will forget even the little that they already learned and they won’t even be able to have even brief fixed times for study. Therefore if the early generations with like angels and they said it is impossible to study and grow wise in Torah when engage in business and work then surely in our generation of orphans of orphans. In addition we don’t have righteous women who are willing to suffer the poverty and deprivation as in earlier generations. There is no question that there is not a single person who can brag that he can work and yet become a grow properly in Torah knowledge. Therefore do not take seriously the thought offered by the advice of the yetzer harah that it is sinful and a lack of piety to take money to learn in kollel or to be paid for being a rabbi, teacher or rosh yeshiva. This is all a strategy to depart from Torah. If there are generous men who donate for the livelihood of many Torah scholars then there will be an increase in bnei Torah and gedolim as well as poskim according to the will of G‑d. For there is nothing for G‑d in the world except the 4 amos of halacha.