Before you get married, everyone tells you that marriage takes work. I
never really believed it until my husband and I landed in therapy after
four years, two kids and one seismically stressful cross-country move.
Turns out you really can't just flip the switch to autopilot and trust
love to take care of itself; you have to devote actual time and effort
to understanding and appreciating your spouse. Anyone who is married
knows that's not always a simple feat. Here's what relationship research
(and a touch of game theory) tells us about how to become a better
spouse.
#1 Be nice as often as you can. A lot of modern relationship
therapy is based on the research of John Gottman, a prolific
psychologist famous for videotaping thousands of couples and dissecting
their interactions into quantifiable data. One of his most concrete
findings was that happier couples had a ratio of five positive
interactions to every negative interaction. “That just leapt off the
pages of the data analysis,” he says. It was true in very different
types of relationships, including those in which the people were very
independent and even distant or argumentative. These positive
interactions don't have to be grand gestures: “A smile, a head nod, even
just grunting to show you're listening to your partner—those are all
positive,” Gottman says.
#2 Think about what your partner needs, even when fighting. [...] In 1950 mathematician John Nash proved there was another,
better outcome: a solution in which the parties may have to compromise,
but in the end all of them come out satisfied. (This now famous “Nash
equilibrium” won him a Nobel Prize in 1994.) I'm reminded of a recent
situation in my own marriage—my husband hated the house we bought a
couple of years ago and wanted to move to a different neighborhood; I
liked the house just fine and didn't want to go anywhere. After
much discussion, we realized that what we both really want is to settle
in somewhere for the long haul. If the current house is not a place my
husband feels he can settle in, then I can't truly settle in either. So
we're moving next month, for both our sakes! Find the Nash equilibrium
in your conflict, and you'll both get your needs met.
#3 Just notice them. “People are always making attempts to get
their partners' attention and interest,” Gottman says. In his research,
he has found that couples who stay happy (at least during the first
seven years) pick up on these cues for attention and give it 86 percent
of the time. Pairs who ended up divorced did so 33 percent of the time. [...]
#4 Ignore the bad, praise the good. Observations of couples at
home reveal that people who focus on the negative miss many of the
positive things that their partners are doing. Happy spouses, however,
ignore the annoyances and focus on the good. [...]