update:Guest post: YD Rosenberg Translation added November 13, 2013
“Therefore,
[t]he[y]
called its name Bavel, for there Hashem
confused the language of the entire earth, and from there Hashem
scattered them upon the face of the entire earth.”
Genesis 11:9
קָרָא [lit.] “he called” means “they
would call its name 'Babel'” *(See Radak for similar peirush.)
שְׁמָהּ “its name” – i.e. the name of the city.
בָּבֶל – [to be
understood as] מבלבל - confused. [i.e. With an added מ and ל]
like the word קיקלון = מקלקלון in Chabakuk
2:16.
וּמִשָּׁם
הֱפִיצָם “and from there He scattered them”. This was an
outcome of “there
He confused”.
[i.e.
This 'scattering' was an outcome of the mixing-up of languages related in the
verse.]
The coming into being of different languages, then,
was not an occurrence caused by an incidental "going of separate
ways" of the people. Rather, it was an act of Heavenly Divine Providence
that brought about this dispersion, which in turn bought in its wake the formation
of different languages.
Now, Scripture is not relating to us the nature of the
first language, i.e. the most ancient one to ever exist. The Authors of the Aggadah, however, do [express a definite
view on this subject] in Br. R. 18:4, and maintain that this original language
was L’shon HaKodesh.
Yet, even if the modern researchers of linguistics maintain that this first
language was a different one, we shall take no issue with it.
Furthermore, as a related point, even if the Babylonians
would have constructed the name of their city from the words 'BaB' & 'BaL',
or 'Beith' & 'BaL', or – according to [the sounds as they are] written – BaB - EL; behold, even then, the Scriptural
explanation [that
Bavel is named for the jumbling-up of languages] would be justified unequivocally. For so, too, is the name of the city
an act of Divine Providence! — in order
that Yisrael remember the confounding of languages that took place there and
the Blessed One’s intervention in nature, so as to educate humanity and save
them for the future.
============================================
Someone directed me to a section [see English translation above] from Rabbi Dovid Zvi Hoffman's commentary to Bereishis 11:9 where he says something along the lines of, "If someone will prove that Adom HaRishon spoke Sumarian, it will not be a problem."
Here's how I understood his commentary:
Point #1: The formation of the multiplicity of languages comes from Divine providence and not from evolutionary happenstance.
Point #2: The baalei aggadah maintain that the original language was L'shon HaKodesh. Current academia maintains that the original language was something else (e.g. Indo-European), but this is insignificant.
(I understood this to mean that to prove or disprove the identity of the Original Language has no bearing whatsoever on the veracity of the Torah since the Biblical account deals only with the dispersion of languages at Bavel but never says anywhere that L'shon HaKodesh was that original language. My question on this is: Why isn't there a problem of casting aspersions on the baalei aggadah? [Perhaps I partially answered this in the e-mail?])
Point #3: The inhabitants of Bavel didn't necessarily have in mind the Torah's meaning of "Bavel" at the time they named their country. Rather, hashgachoh directed that they would give it this name.
Point #4: Rav Hoffman seems to hold that the mixing-up of language didn't have to be a one-time event or something that was noticeably a result of Divine intervention or retribution. (This point emerges from how he explains points #1 and #3.)
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Comment #1: I noticed one small typo. I put red parentheses around the letter that I think is a mistake —
עַל־כֵּן קָרָא שְׁמָהּ בָּבֶל כִּי־שָׁם בָּלַל יְיָ שְׂפַת כָּל־הָאָרֶץ וּמִשָּׁם הֱפִיצָם יְיָ עַל־פְּנֵי כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ:
קָרָא, פירוש היו קוראים. — שְׁמָהּ, כלומר שם העיר. — בָּבֶל מבלבל, כמו "קיקלון" מקלקלון. — וּמִשָּׁם הֱפִיצָם. זו היתה התוצאה של " שָׁמ(ה) בָּלַל"....
Comment #2: The following two statements seem to be a contradiction:
א] וּמִשָּׁם הֱפִיצָם. זו היתה התוצאה של " שָׁמ(ה) בָּלַל".
ב] ...אלא מעשה ההשגחה העליונה הוא שהביא לידי התפזרות זו, שבעקבותיה התהוו הלשונות השונות....
Statement א tells us that the dispersion was a result of the confusion of languages; statement ב says that it was the dispersion that brought about a multiplicity of languages. Statement א seems to fit better with the possuk: כִּי־שָׁם בָּלַל – there the languages were mixed up. (i.e. it did not happen only after they were dispersed, but right there.)
----------------------
I know that Rav Hoffman, zt"l, was appealing to a specific audience, but it's definitely a point that the Torah doesn't identify the Original Language. To complicate matters, one opinion in the Yerushalmi holds that all 70 languages were spoken even before the Tower of Babel. Maybe I’ll try to send you more info on that soon. Would you like that?
update for additional information: "The Holy Tongue and How It Changed the Course of History" by
Benjamin Gross, PhD discussed the two approaches in the Rishonim
on the issue of the Divinity of L'shon HaKodesh. (Chapter 4 [p.
45] continuing into Chapter 5) e.g. Kuzari, Rambam...
Here's the link: http://www.amazon.com/Holy-Tongue-Changed-Course-History/dp/1934440019