The Wolmark-Epstein gang's Hamas / ISIS defense by Nathan Lewin (part II)

 Guest post

The most important right Jews have in the United States is the free exercise of religion provided by the First Amendment. As originally enacted, the First Amendment applies only to actions by the Federal Government. The Fourteenth Amendment applies these protections to State and local governments. However, the Constitution only protects against government actions. Congress viewed the free exercise of religion as so important that it enacted several statutes providing that interference or attempted interference with the free exercise of religion is amongst the most heinous of crimes. Therefore, Congress made persons committing this crime, if combined with certain aggravating circumstances, eligible for the most severe possible punishment, the death penalty. Included amongst the aggravating circumstances that make this crime eligible for the death penalty, are kidnapping, attempted kidnapping, and sexual assault and attempted sexual assault.

As noted previously, the Epstein-Wolmark gang, whatever its motivations (whether religious, money, pure sadistic glee at torturing another human being) forced and attempted to force several Jewish man to perform a religious action against their will. This is completely indisputable. The gang was properly charged with kidnapping, attempted kidnapping, and conspiracy to commit these offenses. Contrary to the arguments of Mr. Nathan Lewin on behalf of the Epstein-Wolmark gang, any supposed religious motivations (itself doubtful, as noted previously) does not bar prosecution for these violent crimes. But the gang’s actions are far worse than that. The Wolmark-Epstein gang clearly violated two Federal capital crimes, 18 U.S.C. 241, and 18 U.S.C. 247, combined with the aggravating circumstances needed to make the gang eligible for the death penalty under the statute. It is of course extremely rare for Federal prosecutors to even ask for the death penalty, but the fact that the Wolmark-Epstein gang committed crimes eligible for the death penalty highlights the extreme heinousness of their actions.

18 USC § 241

If two or more persons conspire to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate any person in any State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or District in the free exercise [including free exercise of religion under the First Amendment] or enjoyment of any right or privilege secured to him by the Constitution or laws of the United States, or because of his having so exercised the same; or

If two or more persons go in disguise on the highway, or on the premises of another, with intent to prevent or hinder his free exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege so secured—

They shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; and if death results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, they shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both, or may be sentenced to death.

18 U.S.C. § 247

(a) Whoever, in any of the circumstances referred to in subsection (b) of this section—

(1) intentionally defaces, damages, or destroys any religious real property, because of the religious character of that property, or attempts to do so; or

(2) intentionally obstructs, by force or threat of force, any person in the enjoyment of that person’s free exercise of religious beliefs, or attempts to do so;

shall be punished as provided in subsection (d).

(b) The circumstances referred to in subsection (a) are that the offense is in or affects interstate or foreign commerce.

(c) Whoever intentionally defaces, damages, or destroys any religious real property because of the race, color, or ethnic characteristics of any individual associated with that religious property, or attempts to do so, shall be punished as provided in subsection (d).

(d) The punishment for a violation of subsection (a) of this section shall be—

(1) if death results from acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, a fine in accordance with this title and imprisonment for any term of years or for life,

or both, or may be sentenced to death;

(2) if bodily injury results to any person, including any public safety officer performing duties as a direct or proximate result of conduct prohibited by this section, and the violation is by means of fire or an explosive, a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more that 40 years, or both;

(3) if bodily injury to any person, including any public safety officer performing duties as a direct or proximate result of conduct prohibited by this section, results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include the use, attempted use, or threatened use of a dangerous weapon, explosives, or fire, a fine in accordance with this title and imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both; and

(4) in any other case, a fine in accordance with this title and imprisonment for not more than one year, or both.

(e) No prosecution of any offense described in this section shall be undertaken by the United States except upon the certification in writing of the Attorney General or his designee that in his judgment a prosecution by the United States is in the public interest and necessary to secure substantial justice.

(f) As used in this section, the term “religious real property” means any church, synagogue, mosque, religious cemetery, or other religious real property, including fixtures or religious objects contained within a place of religious worship.

(g) No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any noncapital offense under this section unless the indictment is found or the information is instituted not later than 7 years after the date on which the offense was committed.