Convergence: The Idea at the Heart of Science

 Hi – I'm reading "Convergence: The Idea at the Heart of Science" by Peter Watson and wanted to share this quote with you.

"Convergence is a history of modern science but with a distinctive twist. The twist has been there for all to see, but so far it has not been set out as clearly as it deserves. The argument is that the various disciplines—despite their very different beginnings, and apparent areas of interest—have in fact been gradually coming together over the past 150 years. Converging and coalescing to identify one extraordinary master narrative, one overwhelming interlocking coherent story: the history of the universe. Among its achievements, the intimate connections between physics and chemistry have been discovered. The same goes for the links between quantum chemistry and molecular biology. Particle physics has been aligned with astronomy and the early history of the evolving universe. Pediatrics has been enriched by the insights of ethology; psychology has been aligned with physics, chemistry, and even with economics. Genetics has been harmonized with linguistics, botany with archaeology, climatology with myth—and so on and so on. Big History—the master narrative of the trajectories of the world’s great civilizations—has been explained and is being further fleshed out by the interlocking sciences. This is a simple insight but one with profound consequences. Convergence is, as Nobel Prize–winning physicist Steven Weinberg has put it, “the deepest thing about the universe.” This story of the convergence of the sciences—their synthesis, symphysis, and coherence—turns out to offer one timeline of history on which all of the major discoveries that have ever been made can fit. It is not a straight line by any means but a definite line nonetheless, not unlike a very long and complicated backbone, or spine, which curves and is made up of vertebrae of different sizes. I further argue that the order that emerges from this convergence—and the way one science supports another—gives scientific understanding an unrivaled authority as a form of knowledge and that we should therefore expect it to extend its reach in the years ahead, into fields not traditionally associated with science. In truth, it is already doing so and we should welcome that fact. The proven interlocking nature of science now helps to guide future research. Not all the links and overlaps in the story are equally strong. Niels Bohr’s amalgamation of physics and chemistry was fundamental, as was the later linking of quantum chemistry to molecular biology, by Linus Pauling and others (chapter 9). In more recent decades, the linking of fundamental particles to the early history of the evolving universe (chapter 11), and the “hardening” of psychology—the links between behavior and brain chemistry, for example—are no less fundamental (chapter 16). The same too goes for the overlaps that have also been revealed between genetics and archaeology, and between genetics and archaeology and language (chapter 12). At other times, the overlaps—while not exactly trivial—are more helpful and intriguing than fundamental. The example of tree-ring chronology is a case in point, as are some of the other scientific dating technologies that have been developed, the potassium/argon method, for example (chapter 12). They show that not just botany but also physics, molecular biology, and genetics can help us reconstruct history. Importantly, the different dating mechanisms are consistent with one another, so that ancient history in particular is now an interdisciplinary branch of science.""But—and this is the underlying point—all the connections and overlaps, all the patterns and hierarchies that have been revealed, whether fundamental or otherwise, dovetail together conceptually. There are no exceptions, no important ones anyway. Scientific discoveries repeatedly come together, in all manner of ways, to support one another, to tell one coherent, interlocking story. In an important sense, and to use another analogy, it is as if this story has its own form of gravity as—like particles in cooling gases—the different chapters come together to form a solid narrative."

The idea that the sciences are linked in some hierarchical way is not new, of course, and is known as reductionism. Although reductionism has been criticized—especially in the last twenty to thirty years, even as the evidence in its favor has grown stronger than ever—for the most part, leading scientists themselves have overridden these objections. Such figures as George Gaylord Simpson, Philip Anderson, Ilya Prigogine, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg, and Robert Laughlin (the last five being Nobel Prize winners) have all described themselves as wholehearted reductionists. Edward O. Wilson, the noted sociobiologist, put it this way: “Reductionism is the primary cutting tool of science.” 

Start reading this book for free: https://a.co/08AZNJv3