The following response raises an important issue. I do agree that demonstrations have to be done in a reasonable and dignified way and that there have been responses in the past which were totally unacceptable. However I don't think that if a person protests one issue that of necessity he loses his ability to respond differently in other situations.
There is nothing inherently wrong with protesting - though it does need clear guidelines. Rav Yaakov Kaminetsky (Emes L'Yaakov Bereishis 49:7) - who was never accused of being a fanatic - asserted that the educational system must be in the hands of zealots. As the Chazon Ish has stated, religion which lacks passion is doomed.
The examples of beating up a woman on a bus or pouring acid - are obviously totally unacceptable - but don't mean that protests are invalid. There obviously needs to be an alternative to the extremes of violent protest and the attitude of passively accepting everything.
Do you also disapprove of the civil rights demonstrations in America or the demonstrations of the labor unions which brought about radical improvements of working conditions? What about the demonstrations for freeing Russian Jews? Demonstrations have a needed place in any society - but the question is how to do it to address the concerns you raise. Ignoring offense or injustice leaves you a different person then if you protested. This is a standard point of Chazal. See Ramban to Vayikra (19:17): "You shall not hate your brother in your heart; you shall chastise your neighbor, and not allow sin on his account." Do you believe in simply turning the other cheek?
However all this is probably a moot point since Rav Sternbuch told me that the police have prohibited counter demonstrations under threat of violent beatings.
There is nothing inherently wrong with protesting - though it does need clear guidelines. Rav Yaakov Kaminetsky (Emes L'Yaakov Bereishis 49:7) - who was never accused of being a fanatic - asserted that the educational system must be in the hands of zealots. As the Chazon Ish has stated, religion which lacks passion is doomed.
The examples of beating up a woman on a bus or pouring acid - are obviously totally unacceptable - but don't mean that protests are invalid. There obviously needs to be an alternative to the extremes of violent protest and the attitude of passively accepting everything.
Do you also disapprove of the civil rights demonstrations in America or the demonstrations of the labor unions which brought about radical improvements of working conditions? What about the demonstrations for freeing Russian Jews? Demonstrations have a needed place in any society - but the question is how to do it to address the concerns you raise. Ignoring offense or injustice leaves you a different person then if you protested. This is a standard point of Chazal. See Ramban to Vayikra (19:17): "You shall not hate your brother in your heart; you shall chastise your neighbor, and not allow sin on his account." Do you believe in simply turning the other cheek?
However all this is probably a moot point since Rav Sternbuch told me that the police have prohibited counter demonstrations under threat of violent beatings.
=================================
R' Josh Waxman said...
Aside from concerns I have aired on other posts, one *principle* reason I believe this approach of protest is misguided is as follows: The parade will come and go, whether you protest or not. But the encouragement to protest, and the rhetoric used, trains people to be kannaim. After you train people to react radically in *one* instance, they are more prone to act radically in other situations.
Do you really want your fellow Jews to be kannaim, to be Pinchases, in other situations? Even *if* this present situation merits it, you have to live with these people throughout the rest of the year.
The fellow who beat up the woman for daring to sit on the mehadrin bus -- he *also* was upset that such a terrible thing was being done in his holy Yerushalayim, on his holy mehadrin bus. The fellow who poured acid on that poor girl in Beitar Illit was horrified that a temptress would go about dressed like this in Israel. The same for those who pour bleach on clothing they deem non-tzniusdik. And the chareidim who protested the showing of a nature film on a flight to Uman. And so on and so forth. Perhaps you agree to one or two cases, but I would guess not to all of them.
However, the rhetoric used is equally applicable to all those other cases. And training people to react in this way will lead to an environment in which masses of people are kannaim.
Do you think that this is a positive direction for chareidi Judaism in Israel to take?
Do you really want your fellow Jews to be kannaim, to be Pinchases, in other situations? Even *if* this present situation merits it, you have to live with these people throughout the rest of the year.
The fellow who beat up the woman for daring to sit on the mehadrin bus -- he *also* was upset that such a terrible thing was being done in his holy Yerushalayim, on his holy mehadrin bus. The fellow who poured acid on that poor girl in Beitar Illit was horrified that a temptress would go about dressed like this in Israel. The same for those who pour bleach on clothing they deem non-tzniusdik. And the chareidim who protested the showing of a nature film on a flight to Uman. And so on and so forth. Perhaps you agree to one or two cases, but I would guess not to all of them.
However, the rhetoric used is equally applicable to all those other cases. And training people to react in this way will lead to an environment in which masses of people are kannaim.
Do you think that this is a positive direction for chareidi Judaism in Israel to take?
Please give us a reference for your claim about Reb Yaakov. It makes no sense in light of everything else about him.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
ReplyDeleteRegarding the poor girl from Beitar Ilit - this has been attributed to gang activity among young people who were new to the area. THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A MODESTY PATROL IN BEITAR ILIT.
ReplyDeleteHere is a list of 198 non violent protests. Some may be acceptable to Judaism and some may not be.
We hear a lot from people calling for Israel to be a secular democracy rather than a Jewish state. The rights of non violent protest in a secular democracy also apply to "haredim".
198 METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
by Gene Sharp
FORMAL STATEMENTS
1. Public speeches
2. Letters of opposition or support
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4. Signed public declarations
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6. Group or mass petitions
COMMUNICATIONS WITH A WIDER AUDIENCE
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
10. Newspapers and journals
11. Records, radio, and television
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
GROUP REPRESENTATIONS
13. Deputations
14. Mock awards
15. Group lobbying
16. Picketing
17. Mock elections
SYMBOLIC PUBLIC ACTS
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
19. Wearing of symbols
20. Prayer and worship
21. Delivering symbolic objects
22. Protest disrobings
23. Destruction of own property
24. Symbolic lights
25. Displays of portraits
26. Paint as protest
27. New signs and names
28. Symbolic sounds
29. Symbolic reclamations
30. Rude gestures
PRESSURES ON INDIVIDUALS
31. "Haunting" officials
32. Taunting officials
33. Fraternization
34. Vigils
DRAMA AND MUSIC
35. Humorous skits and pranks
36. Performances of plays and music
37. Singing
PROCESSIONS
38. Marches
39. Parades
40. Religious processions
41. Pilgrimages
42. Motorcades
HONORING THE DEAD
43. Political mourning
44. Mock funerals
45. Demonstrative funerals
46. Homage at burial places
PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES
47. Assemblies of protest or support
48. Protest meetings
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
50. Teach-ins
WITHDRAWAL AND RENUNCIATION
51. Walk-outs
52. Silence
53. Renouncing honours
54. Turning one's back
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
OSTRACISM OF PERSONS
55. Social boycott
56. Selective social boycott
57. Lysistratic nonaction
58. Excommunication
59. Interdict
NONCOOPERATION WITH SOCIAL EVENTS, CUSTOMS, AND INSTITUTIONS
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
61. Boycott of social affairs
62. Student strike
63. Social disobedience
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
WITHDRAWAL FROM THE SOCIAL SYSTEM
65. Stay-at-home
66. Total personal noncooperation
67. "Flight" of workers
68. Sanctuary
69. Collective disappearance
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION
ACTION BY CONSUMERS
71. Consumers' boycott
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
73. Policy of austerity
74. Rent withholding
75. Refusal to rent
76. National consumers' boycott
77. International consumers' boycott
ACTION BY WORKERS AND PRODUCERS
78. Workers' boycott
79. Producers' boycott
ACTION BY MIDDLE-PEOPLE
80. Suppliers' and handlers' boycott
ACTION BY OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
81. Traders' boycott
82. Refusal to let or sell property
83. Lockout
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
85. Merchants' "general strike"
ACTION BY HOLDERS OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
89. Severance of funds and credit
90. Revenue refusal
91. Refusal of a government's money
ACTION BY GOVERNMENTS
92. Domestic embargo
93. Blacklisting of traders
94. International sellers' embargo
95. International buyers' embargo
96. International trade embargo
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOOPERATION
SYMBOLIC STRIKES
97. Protest strike
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
AGRICULTURAL STRIKES
99. Peasant strike
100. Farm workers' strike
STRIKES BY SPECIAL GROUPS
101. Refusal of impressed labor
102. Prisoners' strike
103. Craft strike
104. Professional strike
ORDINARY INDUSTRIAL STRIKES
105. Establishment strike
106. Industry strike
107. Sympathy strike
RESTRICTED STRIKES
108. Detailed strike
109. Bumper strike
110. Slowdown strike
111. Working-to-rule strike
112. Reporting "sick." (sick-in)
113. Strike by resignation
114. Limited strike
115. Selective strike
MULTI-INDUSTRY STRIKES
116. Generalised strike
117. General strike
COMBINATION OF STRIKES AND ECONOMIC CLOSURES
118. Hartal
119. Economic shutdown
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
REJECTION OF AUTHORITY
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
121. Refusal of public support
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
CITIZENS' NONCOOPERATION WITH GOVERNMENT
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
124. Boycott of elections
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
126. Boycott of government departments, agencies, and other bodies
127. Withdrawal from governmental educational institutions
128. Boycott of government-supported institutions
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
CITIZENS' ALTERNATIVES TO OBEDIENCE
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
135. Popular nonobedience
136. Disguised disobedience
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
138. Sitdown
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
141. Civil disobedience of "illegitimate" laws
ACTION BY GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
144. Stalling and obstruction
145. General administrative noncooperation
146. Judicial noncooperation
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
148. Mutiny
DOMESTIC GOVERNMENTAL ACTION
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENTAL ACTION
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representation
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
157. Expulsion from international organisations
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION
158. Self-exposure to the elements
159. The fast (fast of moral pressure, hunger strike, satyagrahic fast)
160. Reverse trial
161. Nonviolent harassment
PHYSICAL INTERVENTION
162. Sit-in
163. Stand-in
164. Ride-in
165. Wade-in
166. Mill-in
167. Pray-in
168. Nonviolent raids
169. Nonviolent air raids
170. Nonviolent invasion
171. Nonviolent interjection
172. Nonviolent obstruction
173. Nonviolent occupation
SOCIAL INTERVENTION
174. Establishing new social patterns
175. Overloading of facilities
176. Stall-in
177. Speak-in
178. Guerrilla theatre
179. Alternative social institutions
180. Alternative communication system
ECONOMIC INTERVENTION
181. Reverse strike
182. Stay-in strike
183. Nonviolent land seizure
184. Defiance of blockades
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
186. Preclusive purchasing
187. Seizure of assets
188. Dumping
189. Selective patronage
190. Alternative markets
191. Alternative transportation systems
192. Alternative economic institutions
POLITICAL INTERVENTION
193. Overloading of administrative systems
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
195. Seeking imprisonment
196. Civil disobedience of "neutral" laws
197. Work-on without collaboration
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
This is available in Gene Sharp's book: "The Politics of Nonviolent Action", available fromThe War Resisters League, 339 Layfayette St. New York, N.Y. 10004 (212) 228-0450
[Back to Activism Resource Page]
[Back to Starhawk's Activism
There is nothing inherently wrong with protesting - though it does need clear guidelines. Rav Yaakov Kaminetsky - who was never accused of being a fanatic - asserted that the educational system must be in the hands of zealots. As the Chazon Ish has stated, religion which lacks passion is doomed.
ReplyDeleteAgree, but passion needs to be channeled or else it becomes avodah zara (as chazal tabbed anger)
The examples of beating up a woman on a bus or pouring acid - are obviously totally unacceptable - but don't mean that protests are invalid. There obviously needs to be a n alternative to the extremes of violent protest and the attitude of passively accepting everything.
Interesting example of pragmatic halacha - what if philosophically you are right but the olam is not capable of protesting without a material component of unacceptable extremes - what does a posek do? what dfoes an individual who can control himself do?
KT
Joel Rich
Anonymous said...
ReplyDeletePlease give us a reference for your claim about Reb Yaakov. It makes no sense in light of everything else about him.
===========================
It makes eminent sense if you understand who he was.
Reb Yaakov expresses these ideas in two places in Emes L'Yaakov
Bereishis (34:13)
Bereishis (49:7)
Discussing that Yaakov reacted to their violent acts by appointing them as teachers - since only a kanoi can be a teacher. Only a person who cares strongly for others and is willing to moser nefesh for others can be a teacher.
I'll see if I can translate it because he makes important points in distinguishing between the Shimon and Levi
R' Joel Rich:
ReplyDeleteInteresting example of pragmatic halacha - what if philosophically you are right but the olam is not capable of protesting without a material component of unacceptable extremes - what does a posek do? what dfoes an individual who can control himself do?
=====================
Every parent has to deal with this as does any community leader. Reb Moshe says that any act of kana'os requires a psak. The Shomer Emunim Rebbe told me that if a person enjoys being a kanoi - he is not allowed to be one. It is not a game for excitement.
R'DE,
ReplyDeleteI understand your point on an individual basis, but I assume the psak is for the community - so are you saying as a posek you tell the entire community not to protest if a material enough number can't control themselves?
KT
joel Rich
R' Joel Rich wrote:
ReplyDeleteR'DE,
I understand your point on an individual basis, but I assume the psak is for the community - so are you saying as a posek you tell the entire community not to protest if a material enough number can't control themselves?
============
Yes - protest is like other halachos = there are circumstances where the protest should not be done. The cost/benefit analysis is to be done by the community leaders. Obviously there are differences of opinion. In the Mirrer Yeshiva signs were put up for the students not to demonstrate. The Gerrer Rebbe is against protests in this matter. We will have to wait and see the parameters of protest - especially since the police have threatened violence against the protesters.
Assuming that the quote from Rav Yaakov Kaminetsky is applicable to this situation, there is possibly a fine but critical difference between zealots (however he defines it) being teachers on the one hand, and teaching people to be zealots on the other.
ReplyDeleteTime will tell whether there will be improper forms of protest of the gay pride parade this year. But that was not my point. The protests of the parade may well be carefully controlled. My point is that we are *conditioning* people to be zealots *in general*, to take offense on God's behalf at things which, according to their flavor of Judaism, is not permitted. The rhetoric encourages this mindset.
My issue is that five months from now, well after the parade, someone will see chillul Shabbos because some chiloni is driving a car. And they will have a reaction of "how could such a violation of Hashem's Torah be done *in Yerushalayim*!" And then they will toss the stone.
The Eida Chareidis, or Rav Elyashiv, will not be there at that point, carefully directing this individual's reaction. But they will have created, or cultured, the attitude of taking offense and coming into conflict with the person causing the offense.
Indeed, Rav Kamenetzky, if I understand correctly (and I do not know that I do -- I would have to see it inside) was talking about channeling zealotry into situations where such traits are useful. But to create thousands of zealots, who are *not* then going into chinnuch and will not necessarily channel this zealotry appropriately, may well be a different issue.
Kol Tuv,
Josh
Wouldn't a kannoi by definition assume that he can not go for psak (or else he wouldn't qualify as a kannoi) but must act on his "pure" inclination?
ReplyDeleteKT
Joel Rich
R' Joel Rich
ReplyDeleteWouldn't a kannoi by definition assume that he can not go for psak (or else he wouldn't qualify as a kannoi) but must act on his "pure" inclination?
=================
No! See Igros Moshe E.H. 4:63 page 124
שו"ת אגרות משה אבן העזר חלק ד סימן סג
הקנאים שכתבת שרצו לבטל השידוך בשביל זה הם רחוקים מלהחשיבם במעלת קנאים לשם השם יתברך וצריכים להתבונן שאולי זה אצלם איסור אונאת דברים ואיסור חרם הקהלות וענין כבוד ת"ח, שאף כשמוכיחין על חטא אמרה תורה ולא תשא עליו חטא, ועיין במו"ק דף י"ז ע"א דאף ת"ח שסרח ונתחייב שמתא שצריך ליזהר בכבודו ועיין ברמב"ם רפ"ז מת"ת וביו"ד סימן של"ד סעיף מ"ב, וכשם שצריך לשאול מבעל הוראה בכל דיני התורה גם בתוכחה ובקנאות צריך לשאול מבעל הוראה ולא להורות בעצמם.
Interesting, so is it nishtaneh hateva or something that in time of gemara the assumption was a kannoi by defintion didn't ask, and now when he must? Or just using the same term but meaning a different category of individual?
ReplyDeleteKT
Joel Rich
Joel Rich said...
ReplyDelete"Interesting, so is it nishtaneh hateva or something that in time of gemara the assumption was a kannoi by defintion didn't ask, and now when he must? Or just using the same term but meaning a different category of individual?"
Not nishtaneh hateva, noshtaneh hadorot. I think it means as you are asking, same term but different category of individuals. I also think that the situations today are different.
Today intermarriage is not really a chillul hashem. The participants today are mainly tinukei sh'bnishba.
Now granted that a gay parade in Yerushalyim ( or anywhere else in Israel in my opinion would be considered a chillul hashem) the participants also still have the category of tinuk sh'b'nishba.
Also the Rambam describes the Kannoi as this meticulous tzaddik. The likes of which would be an endangered species today if he exists at all.
Also thge sheila that this kannoi would ask is not the one that Reb Moshe was dealing with. The shaila of that kannoi (which he would not ask or is allowed to ask anyway) is in regards to killing people, not protests or civil disobedience.
Your question has merit as the same terminology is being used to describe two totally different card games.
I want to modify what I said to Joel Rich. I would like to retract what I said about two different card games. Also the comment that I made in brackets regarding the fact that a kannoi is not allowed to ask a sheila. This is only in regards to the halacha of kanoim pogin bo. For other issues such as protests or public declarations this is not necessarily the case. However what I said about yoridot hadorot still stands.
ReplyDeletethe fact that a kannoi is not allowed to ask a sheila. This is only in regards to the halacha of kanoim pogin bo. For other issues such as protests or public declarations this is not necessarily the case.
ReplyDelete============================
OK - so for life and death he can't ask but for a protest he must? if you view kannoim pogim as a total chiddush, that's ok; if not.....
KT
joel rich
KT
Joel Rich
The Shomer Emunim Rebbe told me that if a person enjoys being a kanoi - he is not allowed to be one. It is not a game for excitement.
ReplyDeleteExcept from my experience on the ground in Yerushalayim, most of the people who protest are the ones who "enjoy" it.
There are very very few who protest who actually don't draw enjoyment/excitement from it.
Put it this way, I would hazard to say (hazard as no statistics, just based on views on the ground) that a larger percentage of people who view themselves kanoim are doing it for the wrong reasons (i.e. enjoyin it) then those who go to co-ed jewish schools (as most simply think its the best school for their children, albiet they might be mistaken).
And this even in small cases, not major ones like have provoked this discussion.
For example, I was waiting with my mother in the outskirts of bnei brak once for a bus. There were some chareidim, but as it was on the outskirts it wasn't really a chareidi area, and a chiloni soldier came with what I assume was his girlfriend. They held each other and kissed. An older woman scolded them harshly. However, it wasn't just scolding, there was an air of superiority, of being happy to scold them, of getting pleasure from it, as well as affirmations from the chareidim around her.
Another example is a someone in the Mir had an issue with his baal dira, that the landlord wanted to kick them out to raise rent. R. Finkel said it was assur what the baal dira was doing. So a friend, who enjoys being a protester/nudnik was the one who stood outside when prospective renters came and told all of them "The Rosh Yeshiva says its assur". I'm not particularly arguing that this is a kanoi case and hence is wrong, I just bring it as an example of enjoying, and that the people who would tend to protest loudly are the ones who gain enjoyment on some level from it. I personally think the RY is well aware of this, and hence why the sign was up in the Mir not to protest (I also tend to think that talmidim in the Mir have the best opportunity to learn middot when compared against the other major chareidi yeshivot).
At the end of the day, I really don't think you are sensitive enough to the facts on the street and what actually happens and how the majority actually feel.
Joel Rich said...
ReplyDelete"OK - so for life and death he can't ask but for a protest he must? if you view kannoim pogim as a total chiddush, that's ok; if not.....
I think that you are mixing a few things up. That is probably because the term Kannoi here is being used to describe to separate species of fish.
The torah concept of a kannoi. Like I said before, a pure tzaddik who is meticulous on every halacha whether bin adom l'çhavero or bin Hamakom. The classic case is where he is trying to prevent people from perpetrating a public chillul Hashem. He will go so far as to kill the participants if necessary to prevent or stop a chillul Hashem. The Rambam says that if this person actually is not completely perfect like he thinks that he is, he is committing murder. This would mean that he was not really a kannoi in the torah sense.
This would put him in the category that if I can coin a phrase a "wanna be kannoi". The moderator of this blog was very kind in posting for us a t'shuva of Rav Moshe Feinstien on this very topic. If I interprited the t'shuva correctly, Rav Moshe is answering a sheila regarding whether or not it is permissible to protest or harass some people regarding a problematic shidduch. I am not aware of what the problem is. An intermarriage or a cohen marrying a divorcee? Whatever the problem was I do not know.
Rav Moshe states that the so called kannoim that the questioner is asking him about are very far removed from having the status of kannoi l'shem hashem. Therefore they must ask sheilas regarding everything that they do.
I am not a rabbi or a posek (except in my own mind) but I would say that most of todays "kannoim are similar to the ones that Rav Moshe is describing."